https://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/57c1e83fca4c9ee1ee5d4455a891e37c.png aa33b43d66245050a5014be7197812e3 https://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/d945054c8728a7da1cd383a6e494a4ce.png 27126b94f130da249c35a76d8410c197 https://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/eecd3ebe4d549215268961d7d9a91bea.png 36b4f29ebc8553b65efb63ee6828cf57 https://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/ba328146bb32bab6fcaa4a6874222019.png 3c43c2601ee54cc169c2ec8a2124942e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Memory and Commemoration Subject The topic of the resource Most documents from the height of Civil War memory and commemoration efforts in Mississippi and the larger United States are from the early 20th century. Because of this, they won't be found in the CWRGM collection, which ends in 1882. But CWRGM documents can still help site users think about how the <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/lost_cause_the">Lost Cause</a> helped erase the memory of white Unionism in Mississippi, of Black military service in the Union armies/navy, and of tremendous socio-economic advances by African-Americans during the era of Reconstruction that were systematically attacked as that era came to a close. The documents in this section help students, educators, researchers, and the public explore the wartime experiences that the Lost Cause helped erase. Some of the earliest examples of wartime dissent that surface in these sample documents occur shortly after the Confederacy passed the Conscription Act, forcibly drafting men into Confederate military service. Instances of this appear in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/24">July 1862 in Kemper County</a> and <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/25">August 1862 in Lowndes County, MS</a>, and you'll notice that they mostly address perceived inefficiencies of the law or its unfair enforcement. A great example of this is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/23">July 1862 petition from Jasper County</a> opposing illegal implementation of the draft, but not the draft per se. In October 1862, however, the Confederate legislature enacted what became known as the 20 Slave Law to ensure that selected slave holders could remain at home to police enslaved populations and ensure that agricultural production continued. For a summary on this exemption and the frustrations it caused, including complaints that this was now a "rich man's war but a poor man's fight," see <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/twenty-slave_law">this short essay</a>. Evidence of the growing resistance to conscription in Mississippi surfaces in these sample documents as early as the spring and summer of 1863, with an account from Canton, MS, referencing the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/39">public's sympathy for deserters</a> and another from Union Church in Jefferson County referencing the public's unwillingness to assist in the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/45">arrest of deserters</a>. As late as the spring of 1865, documents can be found in the collection, like this one from <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/64">Enterprise, MS</a>, noting the need to round up deserters and locals' unwillingness to assist in the process. On the question of Unionism in Mississippi during and immediately following the war, historians estimate that approximately 500 white Mississippians serve in the <a href="http://www.mshistorynow.mdah.ms.gov/articles/175/mississippi-soldiers-in-the-civil-war">Union Army and Navy</a>, while others expressed their Union sympathies as civilians. Several examples of this exist in these sample documents, but not necessarily in this "Memory and Commemoration" theme. You can find them by doing a keyword search for "Union" at the top of any page in the exhibit. One example of wartime Unionism is found in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/73">James H. Pierce's July 1865 </a>letter to Governor Sharkey, seeking an appointment in recognition of Pierce's loyalty as a "union man" during the war. A <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/77">similar account</a> of longstanding unionism arrived in Sharkey's office that month from a Macon, MS man. Former Confederates noted Unionist support as well, as this <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/68">June 1865 letter</a> from Ripley, MS demonstrates. O. Davis was a former Confederate who accepted that defeat, noting, "the institution of slavery was staked upon the result of the war. We have played and lost and I, for one, am willing to surrender this stake." But Davis protested the idea that Mississippi men who fought for the Union might receive political appointments in the postwar period, insisting that "There is, and will be, for some time much prejudice against Those Southern men who have been in the U.S. army." One of the most powerful documents in this theme is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/66">May 1865 address</a> by Mississippi's last Confederate governor, Charles Clark. CWRGM is digitizing governors' Legislative Ledgers last, so this image is actually from digitized microfilm and doesn't reflect the quality standards of the project. It's also difficult to read, as you will notice from the incomplete transcription. But if you scroll down a bit, you'll see that this is a speech by Governor Clark to the Mississippi House of Representatives. The state had just surrendered to Union forces and all sitting office-holders, from the governor on down, were sent home, with some concerned that they might be arrested. Clark's speech reflects his determination to shape how history remembers their role in the Confederacy, despite insisting that he "shall leave the story of this contest to after times & the pen of the impartial Historian. Its History can not now be written." Instead, Clark presented one of the earliest histories of the war, listing its causes, the best approach for the future, and how the state's role in the Confederacy should be remembered. (Written by Susannah J. Ural, Ph.D.) Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Page 1: Miss State salt works July 31, 1864, Gov Charles Clark Governor Capt Dunning will hand you my report I hope it will be satisfactory. We have the logs within 200 yards of the Tank & hope to get them through & try the water in them by Thursday, The cased well I also expect to complete in two or three days. The Conscript officers here required our salt contractors to report in Mobile to Major stone, & that our employees shall be enrolled, & be regularly detailed—I went to see Major stone & he says, if I will get the Commandant of Conscript of Miss: to approve all of the appointments made by me & approved by Your Excellency, that the Conscript officers in this state will respect them, & ordered the Enrolling officers here to give me ample time to have our papers arranged—In the mean time I wrote Gov Watts, that whatever arrangements he was making to protect his Contractors & Employees to make the same for us; I hear he referred the matter to Col Lockhart endorsing my letter, requesting that we should be protected. I have lost almost three weeks & spent several hundred Dollars in going to Mobile three times & St Stephens as often in trying to get our papers arranged,—[strikethrough] it is [strikethrough] Page 2: The Conscript officers here say your proclamation is of no service to us in this state & that I have no right to give an appointment to a citizen of this state, they took off two of our men (the Barrel Makers) one of them turned out to be a deserter, the other supposed to be a citizen of this state; Major Stone ordered him back here if found to be a citizen of Miss: but if a citizen of Ala: to be sent to him. Capt Dunning brings up all of the appointments & contracts for both Contractors & Employees, every one is a Citizen of Miss: I have sent you also two appointments for approval if you think advisable, Haley & Haggard, Log & Nellborey?—Genl Nest applied to Genl Pillow for a detail for them, through the office in Columbus, they replied to him they were detailed to him & their details could be obtained by applying to that office, I have written there, also Genl Nest to get the details, but have never recieved them, I have just heard from our distributing Depot Fourteen counties have applied for salt & paid in 8,216 Dollars, which amount Capt Dunning brings up to deposit in the Treasury, Capt Dunning will also hand you an Estimate for funds which I require to pay up my entire indebtedness—Nineteen Thousand Dollars, that amount you will notice includes Barrels & [cane?] Page 3: which I have yet to recieve. If it can be so arranged that I can get it without coming up, I would much prefer it, as I do not wish to lieve here until I try the water & several other important and interesting experiments, I do wish so much I had the other two furnaces up & the water out here turning out 160 Bushels pr day instead of 80, it would seem as if we were doing something, but I tell you it takes time & a heap of work to make a showing these times & what is equally as bad, a heap of money. The Pump is doing well, the Furnaces doing well, our people healthy for the number & if I can only make a good job of the Logs I will be very thankful. I am very truly your Obdt sevt T. A. Philips. Genl. Salt, agt. [S.W.?] Governor. I had the above written when Col Lockhart's letter with your endorsement was handed me, I will get the report made out in the morning & send you along with this by Capt Dunning. Very truly T. A. Philips Governor I have used Twelve hundred & Six Dollars & 28 cents out of the amount spoken of above directing Capt Dunning to replace it out of Page 4: the funds expected to recieve from you, Respecfully yrs T. A. Philips, Genl Salt agt [S.W.?] T. A. Phillips [strikethrough]Aug[strikethrough]July 31, 64 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter from T. A. Philips to Mississippi Governor Charles Clark; July 31, 1864 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context mdah_768-949-09-37 Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Charles, 1811-1877; Confederate States of America. Army.; Draft.; Mississippi. Governor Description An account of the resource From the Mississippi Department of Archives and History Governor Clark Collection. Letter from the Mississippi state salt works by T. A. Philips, the state salt agent, to Mississippi Governor Charles Clark concerning the effort to have his workers exempted from the draft. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Philips, T. A. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Mississippi Department of Archives and History. (electronic version); Mississippi Digital Library. (electronic version) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1864-07-31 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Funding for this project provided by The Dale Center for Study of War and Society-USM, the Mississippi Department of Archives and History, the Mississippi Digital Library, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, the University of Southern Mississippi, and the Watson-Brown Foundation Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Language A language of the resource English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1864