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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Memory and Commemoration Subject The topic of the resource Most documents from the height of Civil War memory and commemoration efforts in Mississippi and the larger United States are from the early 20th century. Because of this, they won't be found in the CWRGM collection, which ends in 1882. But CWRGM documents can still help site users think about how the <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/lost_cause_the">Lost Cause</a> helped erase the memory of white Unionism in Mississippi, of Black military service in the Union armies/navy, and of tremendous socio-economic advances by African-Americans during the era of Reconstruction that were systematically attacked as that era came to a close. The documents in this section help students, educators, researchers, and the public explore the wartime experiences that the Lost Cause helped erase. Some of the earliest examples of wartime dissent that surface in these sample documents occur shortly after the Confederacy passed the Conscription Act, forcibly drafting men into Confederate military service. Instances of this appear in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/24">July 1862 in Kemper County</a> and <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/25">August 1862 in Lowndes County, MS</a>, and you'll notice that they mostly address perceived inefficiencies of the law or its unfair enforcement. A great example of this is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/23">July 1862 petition from Jasper County</a> opposing illegal implementation of the draft, but not the draft per se. In October 1862, however, the Confederate legislature enacted what became known as the 20 Slave Law to ensure that selected slave holders could remain at home to police enslaved populations and ensure that agricultural production continued. For a summary on this exemption and the frustrations it caused, including complaints that this was now a "rich man's war but a poor man's fight," see <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/twenty-slave_law">this short essay</a>. Evidence of the growing resistance to conscription in Mississippi surfaces in these sample documents as early as the spring and summer of 1863, with an account from Canton, MS, referencing the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/39">public's sympathy for deserters</a> and another from Union Church in Jefferson County referencing the public's unwillingness to assist in the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/45">arrest of deserters</a>. As late as the spring of 1865, documents can be found in the collection, like this one from <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/64">Enterprise, MS</a>, noting the need to round up deserters and locals' unwillingness to assist in the process. On the question of Unionism in Mississippi during and immediately following the war, historians estimate that approximately 500 white Mississippians serve in the <a href="http://www.mshistorynow.mdah.ms.gov/articles/175/mississippi-soldiers-in-the-civil-war">Union Army and Navy</a>, while others expressed their Union sympathies as civilians. Several examples of this exist in these sample documents, but not necessarily in this "Memory and Commemoration" theme. You can find them by doing a keyword search for "Union" at the top of any page in the exhibit. One example of wartime Unionism is found in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/73">James H. Pierce's July 1865 </a>letter to Governor Sharkey, seeking an appointment in recognition of Pierce's loyalty as a "union man" during the war. A <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/77">similar account</a> of longstanding unionism arrived in Sharkey's office that month from a Macon, MS man. Former Confederates noted Unionist support as well, as this <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/68">June 1865 letter</a> from Ripley, MS demonstrates. O. Davis was a former Confederate who accepted that defeat, noting, "the institution of slavery was staked upon the result of the war. We have played and lost and I, for one, am willing to surrender this stake." But Davis protested the idea that Mississippi men who fought for the Union might receive political appointments in the postwar period, insisting that "There is, and will be, for some time much prejudice against Those Southern men who have been in the U.S. army." One of the most powerful documents in this theme is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/66">May 1865 address</a> by Mississippi's last Confederate governor, Charles Clark. CWRGM is digitizing governors' Legislative Ledgers last, so this image is actually from digitized microfilm and doesn't reflect the quality standards of the project. It's also difficult to read, as you will notice from the incomplete transcription. But if you scroll down a bit, you'll see that this is a speech by Governor Clark to the Mississippi House of Representatives. The state had just surrendered to Union forces and all sitting office-holders, from the governor on down, were sent home, with some concerned that they might be arrested. Clark's speech reflects his determination to shape how history remembers their role in the Confederacy, despite insisting that he "shall leave the story of this contest to after times & the pen of the impartial Historian. Its History can not now be written." Instead, Clark presented one of the earliest histories of the war, listing its causes, the best approach for the future, and how the state's role in the Confederacy should be remembered. (Written by Susannah J. Ural, Ph.D.) Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Page 1: State of Illinois Executive Department. Springfield Oct 3 1865 To His Exellency, Wm L Sharkey Governor of Mississippi A resolution of the Board of Directors of the National Lincoln Monument Association, Adopted at the last meeting, requires [strikethrough]that[strikethrough] the President—and Secretary of the Association, to make an appeal, in behalf of the objects of the Association, to the—Governors of the Several States and Territories of the Union, and through them to the Legislatures—and People of their respective States—and Territories, The purpose of this Appeal is to bring officially to your notice—and to the notice of the People of Page 2: 2 your State. the organization of this Association And the object we have in view, viz. to erect over the remains of Abraham Lincoln late President of the United States, in Oak Ridge Cemetery (Springfield, Ill.) near the City of Springfield Illinois, a Suitable and enduring Monument to his memory, And to request that you will in some way, bring this generally to the notice of the People of your State—and if consistent with your views, And you beleive its importance and character will justify, to especially call the Attentions of the Legislature of your State to the Subject, We do not deem it necessary to suggest any plan—by which Subscriptions may be raised, preferring to leave this matter to your own direction and control, We will be pleased to Correspond with you at any time upon the Subject—and give you any information, or explanation, that may be required, Page 3: 3 The National Lincoln Monument Association was formally organized in the 11th" day of May 1865—at Springfield Illinois, under an act of the Legislature of our State, Approved Feby 23th" 1859, The Articles of Association under the provision of that law—have been filed in the Office of the Secretary of State, and are now public records,— We have obtained—from the City of Springfield a Deed to about Six Acres of most beautiful grounds adjoining Oak Ridge Cemetery, Access-ible at all Seasons of the year, with Such a location—and Such advantages, As to make it in time one of the most lovely and Enchanting Spots on Earth— The remains of Mr Lincoln are already temporarily Entombed upon these grounds from which they will never be removed Except by Consent of the Association, Page 4: 4. It is our intention at the proper time to consult the very best taste, and talent of the Country before Selecting a design for the Monument— Since the organization the Asso-ciation has been controlled by the idea that vol[strikethrough]e[strikethrough]untary donations would in a reasonable time Secure the necessary funds to build the Monument. in this way we have received from Soldiers—and Sailors, and from Sabbath Schools—and other Similar benevolent—and Educational Societies, and from private Sources—About fifty three thousand dollars, We are now impressed with the opinion, that a Solemn duty devolves upon—us—the necess-ity of inviting from a larger field Assistance to Enable us to carry out the organized design, of Erecting over the remains of Mr Lincoln, A Monument—which Shall Suitably represent Page 5: 5 his great name and high character, as well as the patriotism and dignity of the great Nation he So faithfully Served, As time passes and other plans to do like honor to him will fail, and be forgotten having been supplanted by the all engrossing requirements of passing Events, under these peculiar circumstances, this Associ-ation—near his last resting place, in the city of his home with his Sacred remains in it keeping; feels that its relations to this Sacred trust requires to Spare no effort to give this great work a National character, And certain and complete Success. As the object is a national one, to honor the memory of a national man, en-deared to the whole country by his sacrifices to preserve the national Union, we do not hesitate to appeal Page 6: (6) to the nation to aid us by reason-able subscriptions to build this Monument, We dislike to begin it with the sum now at our disposal, at least two hundred and fifty thousand dollars will be necessary to build the Monu-ment in the Proper spirit and con-sistent with the great character to be represented by it, In this spirit, with these views and with this honorable purpose we [ask?]—to you governor and to the generous people of your state, to assist us to honor this good man, to assist his old friends and neighbors, about his old home, where for so many years he was the joy and pride of all who knew him, now that he is Page 7: (7) dead, to build over his resting place this lasting memorial to his great and acknowledged virtues—known by none better than they, but loved by all who knew him, the friend of freedom and the firm friend of his country through all the days and years of a long an laborious life, Here his virtues show brightest—here his character was moulded, here he was first known to the world, here he received the highest earthly honor known to mortal man and here in the midst of those old friends, beneath the soil of that country he served so well he sleeps his last sleep in this great city, in the very heart of his own state let him rest forever, It was his living and last wish, Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter from the National Lincoln Monument Association to Mississippi Governor William L. Sharkey; October 3, 1865 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context mdah_771-956-11-05 Subject The topic of the resource Mississippi. Governor; National Lincoln Monument Association (Springfield, Ill.); Sharkey, William Lewis, 1798-1873 Description An account of the resource From the Mississippi Department of Archives and History Governor Sharkey Collection. Letter from the National Lincoln Monument Association to Mississippi Governor William L. Sharkey seeking donations to help build a monument over the grave of Abraham Lincoln. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Lincoln Monument Association (Springfield, Ill.) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Mississippi Department of Archives and History. (electronic version); Mississippi Digital Library. (electronic version) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1865-10-03 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Funding for this project provided by The Dale Center for Study of War and Society-USM, the Mississippi Department of Archives and History, the Mississippi Digital Library, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, the University of Southern Mississippi, and the Watson-Brown Foundation Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Language A language of the resource English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1865 https://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/c6ebfc6d622833cae1116c9e516a6346.png cacf945a6d44ba8bcc6f96a4c7fad5e4 https://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/0a82aefdfbb88789f18cd5e3d3964861.png 9848e8efddace9664fb4b7bc2263f1fa Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Memory and Commemoration Subject The topic of the resource Most documents from the height of Civil War memory and commemoration efforts in Mississippi and the larger United States are from the early 20th century. Because of this, they won't be found in the CWRGM collection, which ends in 1882. But CWRGM documents can still help site users think about how the <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/lost_cause_the">Lost Cause</a> helped erase the memory of white Unionism in Mississippi, of Black military service in the Union armies/navy, and of tremendous socio-economic advances by African-Americans during the era of Reconstruction that were systematically attacked as that era came to a close. The documents in this section help students, educators, researchers, and the public explore the wartime experiences that the Lost Cause helped erase. Some of the earliest examples of wartime dissent that surface in these sample documents occur shortly after the Confederacy passed the Conscription Act, forcibly drafting men into Confederate military service. Instances of this appear in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/24">July 1862 in Kemper County</a> and <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/25">August 1862 in Lowndes County, MS</a>, and you'll notice that they mostly address perceived inefficiencies of the law or its unfair enforcement. A great example of this is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/23">July 1862 petition from Jasper County</a> opposing illegal implementation of the draft, but not the draft per se. In October 1862, however, the Confederate legislature enacted what became known as the 20 Slave Law to ensure that selected slave holders could remain at home to police enslaved populations and ensure that agricultural production continued. For a summary on this exemption and the frustrations it caused, including complaints that this was now a "rich man's war but a poor man's fight," see <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/twenty-slave_law">this short essay</a>. Evidence of the growing resistance to conscription in Mississippi surfaces in these sample documents as early as the spring and summer of 1863, with an account from Canton, MS, referencing the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/39">public's sympathy for deserters</a> and another from Union Church in Jefferson County referencing the public's unwillingness to assist in the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/45">arrest of deserters</a>. As late as the spring of 1865, documents can be found in the collection, like this one from <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/64">Enterprise, MS</a>, noting the need to round up deserters and locals' unwillingness to assist in the process. On the question of Unionism in Mississippi during and immediately following the war, historians estimate that approximately 500 white Mississippians serve in the <a href="http://www.mshistorynow.mdah.ms.gov/articles/175/mississippi-soldiers-in-the-civil-war">Union Army and Navy</a>, while others expressed their Union sympathies as civilians. Several examples of this exist in these sample documents, but not necessarily in this "Memory and Commemoration" theme. You can find them by doing a keyword search for "Union" at the top of any page in the exhibit. One example of wartime Unionism is found in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/73">James H. Pierce's July 1865 </a>letter to Governor Sharkey, seeking an appointment in recognition of Pierce's loyalty as a "union man" during the war. A <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/77">similar account</a> of longstanding unionism arrived in Sharkey's office that month from a Macon, MS man. Former Confederates noted Unionist support as well, as this <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/68">June 1865 letter</a> from Ripley, MS demonstrates. O. Davis was a former Confederate who accepted that defeat, noting, "the institution of slavery was staked upon the result of the war. We have played and lost and I, for one, am willing to surrender this stake." But Davis protested the idea that Mississippi men who fought for the Union might receive political appointments in the postwar period, insisting that "There is, and will be, for some time much prejudice against Those Southern men who have been in the U.S. army." One of the most powerful documents in this theme is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/66">May 1865 address</a> by Mississippi's last Confederate governor, Charles Clark. CWRGM is digitizing governors' Legislative Ledgers last, so this image is actually from digitized microfilm and doesn't reflect the quality standards of the project. It's also difficult to read, as you will notice from the incomplete transcription. But if you scroll down a bit, you'll see that this is a speech by Governor Clark to the Mississippi House of Representatives. The state had just surrendered to Union forces and all sitting office-holders, from the governor on down, were sent home, with some concerned that they might be arrested. Clark's speech reflects his determination to shape how history remembers their role in the Confederacy, despite insisting that he "shall leave the story of this contest to after times & the pen of the impartial Historian. Its History can not now be written." Instead, Clark presented one of the earliest histories of the war, listing its causes, the best approach for the future, and how the state's role in the Confederacy should be remembered. (Written by Susannah J. Ural, Ph.D.) Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Page 1: R. M. Corwine. Lyman Walker. Corwine & Walker, Attorneys at Law, No. 31 1/2 West Third Street. Cincinnati, July 13 1865 Dear Sir I am obliged to you for your call I only regret that I was not here to see you. I have but just returned from Springfield Illinois, where I was months in attendance on the U.S. Courts. When I saw the notice of your trip to Washington, my heart yearned towards you & the object of your visit. I had but just returned from there, & while there I lost no opportunity to speak of you & the new phase things had to assume in your state. I love Miss. with all her faults & wanted to bless her with your administration of affairs. I felt, that you would be, as you are being, the leaven, to give once more a healthy tone to the state. God bless you in your efforts I have read & rejoiced with all true men I have met, in the sentiments & spirit of your proclamation, Not having lost any opportunity to inform myself Page 2: of your [strikethrough]sentiments[strikethrough]movements, I have been greatly gratified now & then for four years past to hear of your health & your political steadfastness to your country. God will reward you for all your sacrifices. Had I been so fortunate as to have met you, I had much to say to you that was not devoid of interest. May I hope to have that pleasure at another time not far distant? If the conspirators had not been in such indecent haste to hurry the rebellion forward, but had waited till Mr Lincoln's cabinet had been formed & his policy developed, they would have had less excuse than they did allege for their crime, as the sequel shows, You would have occupied Bates' place as Atty. Genl. & Gilmer of N. Car. would have been provided for, That was arranged, But a few days since Hon. Jesse Du Bois of Springfield Ill. told me that Mr Lincoln had adopted my suggestion as to you & only awaited your response to my letter. That came declining the [?] offer in view of what you then felt would be the course of your state, soon after the mad plunge of the state itself. When we meet we must catch up all these matters. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Incomplete letter from the Firm of Corwine and Walker to Mississippi Governor William L. Sharkey; July 13, 1865 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context mdah_771-955-03-28 Subject The topic of the resource Mississippi. Governor; Secession--Southern States.; Sharkey, William Lewis, 1798-1873 Description An account of the resource From the Mississippi Department of Archives and History Governor Sharkey Collection. Incomplete letter from the Firm of Corwine and Walker, attorneys at law in Cincinnati, Ohio, to Mississippi Governor William L. Sharkey concerning the mistakes made by Mississippi secessionists in departing from the Union in 1861. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Corwine and Walker Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Mississippi Department of Archives and History. (electronic version); Mississippi Digital Library. (electronic version) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1865-07-13 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Funding for this project provided by The Dale Center for Study of War and Society-USM, the Mississippi Department of Archives and History, the Mississippi Digital Library, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, the University of Southern Mississippi, and the Watson-Brown Foundation Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Language A language of the resource English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1865 https://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/da6d57d900643c85805e8b79ee947cbf.png 151686288d65b3c7f07d402afbde1426 https://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/9124bdacec85046a0b457c868bda84d2.png 6c82a773bb9ed1ab7ced12f65d97bd89 https://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/7854f31c4e82d053c896cbaf2f4b08c6.png e2305a32fc190773c665de6d6cc368b8 https://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/1aaf27025a20da0054bf0c798ec3d383.png 0888174ffaa14146b03e1d0f082b7a42 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Memory and Commemoration Subject The topic of the resource Most documents from the height of Civil War memory and commemoration efforts in Mississippi and the larger United States are from the early 20th century. Because of this, they won't be found in the CWRGM collection, which ends in 1882. But CWRGM documents can still help site users think about how the <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/lost_cause_the">Lost Cause</a> helped erase the memory of white Unionism in Mississippi, of Black military service in the Union armies/navy, and of tremendous socio-economic advances by African-Americans during the era of Reconstruction that were systematically attacked as that era came to a close. The documents in this section help students, educators, researchers, and the public explore the wartime experiences that the Lost Cause helped erase. Some of the earliest examples of wartime dissent that surface in these sample documents occur shortly after the Confederacy passed the Conscription Act, forcibly drafting men into Confederate military service. Instances of this appear in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/24">July 1862 in Kemper County</a> and <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/25">August 1862 in Lowndes County, MS</a>, and you'll notice that they mostly address perceived inefficiencies of the law or its unfair enforcement. A great example of this is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/23">July 1862 petition from Jasper County</a> opposing illegal implementation of the draft, but not the draft per se. In October 1862, however, the Confederate legislature enacted what became known as the 20 Slave Law to ensure that selected slave holders could remain at home to police enslaved populations and ensure that agricultural production continued. For a summary on this exemption and the frustrations it caused, including complaints that this was now a "rich man's war but a poor man's fight," see <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/twenty-slave_law">this short essay</a>. Evidence of the growing resistance to conscription in Mississippi surfaces in these sample documents as early as the spring and summer of 1863, with an account from Canton, MS, referencing the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/39">public's sympathy for deserters</a> and another from Union Church in Jefferson County referencing the public's unwillingness to assist in the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/45">arrest of deserters</a>. As late as the spring of 1865, documents can be found in the collection, like this one from <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/64">Enterprise, MS</a>, noting the need to round up deserters and locals' unwillingness to assist in the process. On the question of Unionism in Mississippi during and immediately following the war, historians estimate that approximately 500 white Mississippians serve in the <a href="http://www.mshistorynow.mdah.ms.gov/articles/175/mississippi-soldiers-in-the-civil-war">Union Army and Navy</a>, while others expressed their Union sympathies as civilians. Several examples of this exist in these sample documents, but not necessarily in this "Memory and Commemoration" theme. You can find them by doing a keyword search for "Union" at the top of any page in the exhibit. One example of wartime Unionism is found in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/73">James H. Pierce's July 1865 </a>letter to Governor Sharkey, seeking an appointment in recognition of Pierce's loyalty as a "union man" during the war. A <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/77">similar account</a> of longstanding unionism arrived in Sharkey's office that month from a Macon, MS man. Former Confederates noted Unionist support as well, as this <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/68">June 1865 letter</a> from Ripley, MS demonstrates. O. Davis was a former Confederate who accepted that defeat, noting, "the institution of slavery was staked upon the result of the war. We have played and lost and I, for one, am willing to surrender this stake." But Davis protested the idea that Mississippi men who fought for the Union might receive political appointments in the postwar period, insisting that "There is, and will be, for some time much prejudice against Those Southern men who have been in the U.S. army." One of the most powerful documents in this theme is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/66">May 1865 address</a> by Mississippi's last Confederate governor, Charles Clark. CWRGM is digitizing governors' Legislative Ledgers last, so this image is actually from digitized microfilm and doesn't reflect the quality standards of the project. It's also difficult to read, as you will notice from the incomplete transcription. But if you scroll down a bit, you'll see that this is a speech by Governor Clark to the Mississippi House of Representatives. The state had just surrendered to Union forces and all sitting office-holders, from the governor on down, were sent home, with some concerned that they might be arrested. Clark's speech reflects his determination to shape how history remembers their role in the Confederacy, despite insisting that he "shall leave the story of this contest to after times & the pen of the impartial Historian. Its History can not now be written." Instead, Clark presented one of the earliest histories of the war, listing its causes, the best approach for the future, and how the state's role in the Confederacy should be remembered. (Written by Susannah J. Ural, Ph.D.) Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Page 1: State of Mississippi To the Sheriff of the County of Madison State of Mississippi—[?] Whereas at the [March?] [?] [?] [of?] [the?] Circuit Court of said County Wm H. Cassell? was convicted [?] and did not [?] [?] [?] [?] contrary to [?] [stated?]; and sentenced to [three?] months in prison [?]. Now therefore I Charles Clark Governor of the state of Mississippi by virtue of the [?] [?] [?] [?] [?] [?] [?] [?] [?] [?] [?] do grant a full pardons to said Wm. H. Cassell as to said imprisonment, and do authorize you on [?] of these [presets?] to release him from Containment. SS In testimony a hereof I have herewith set my hand and cause the truest seal of state of Mississippi [?] to be affixed this 6th day of April 1865 [?] [Chas?] Clark By the Governor C. A. Brougher Secy of State Executive Office Macon Miss I Charles Clark Governor of the State Mississippi, do order that the Legislature of the said state Convene at the Capitol in the City of Jackson, on thursday the 18th day of may instant. and that all officers required by law to reside at the seat of Government, remove to the said City of Jackson, on or before said day Given under my hand, and the great seal of the state this 6th day of may AD 1865 SS By the Governor Chas Clark C A Brougher Sec of State, Executive Office Jackson, Miss May 1865 Gentlemen of the Senate & House of Representatives At no time has a Legislative assembly been convened under graver circumstances. When your action depend the fortunes of the State for many years to come. Not only the present interest, but the rights & liberties of a great people depend in no small degree upon the result of your deliberations. I am deeply sensible of the responsibility I assume in advising you of the measures necessary & expedient in this emergency. But this duty is imposed on me by the Constitution. I am required unaided & alone to be the first to explore the dark & Troubled sea that rolls before us; whose waves raised by the storm of battle & revolution threaten to engulph our People. But trusting in your wisdom to detect the error in the chart I may lay down, I shall enter on the task, with no unmanly trepidations. It is not my purpose to review the events of the last five years—. The war is ended; & with it the power of the Confederacy of the Southern States. Satisfied that my humble part was performed with fidelity to my state & in obedience to her laws, I shall leave the story of this contest to after times & the pen of the impartial Historian. Its History can not now be written It will have many pages filled with glorious names & deeds & many with mourn-ful instructions.— That the Southern States will return to the Union is admitted; that the circumstances by which they are surrounded will induce them to do ^consent to^ this is not denied; but the nesesity being the result of military & Power, will make the business of reorganization & adjustment a task of the most delicate & difficult character— Page 2: I shall advise you to adopt the most speedy measures to accomplish this inevitable destiny.— In advance however, I deem it my duty to enter my on record against any conclusion that may be drawn therefrom, detrimental to the rights of the States & the interests of the People. On the 9th day of January 1861, the People of Mississippi, by their duly elected & authorized del-egates in Convention assembled, declared their connection with the Federal Union dissolved. Their Unanimity on this subject was unprecedented in the history of any People.— The necessity for some action at that time was not denied by any one. The only question then raised was as to the time & the mode I shall not review the reasons that were urged to justify this action. They were founded upon the objects & terms of the Federal Compact & the history of its formation It was no hasty conclusion. For many years this subject occupied the minds of the intelligent & was discussed by the People. They declined to act until causes which they believed would have justified Revolution impelled them to secession. Misssissippi then claimed to be an independent State. With no purpose of aggression, but for defense, she raised armies. In obedience to her laws & ordinances, her People took arms. To repel invasion they freely poured out thier blood, & the bones of her best & bravest strew her [strikethrough] [unclear] [strikethrough] [plains?]. The People of the Northern States believed this Union to be essential to free Government & the preservation of Liberty itself, & to secure this Union they took up arms. They too have demonstrated their earnestness by lavishing their blood and [treasure?], and by an exhibition of power that has astonished & awed the world. They can not now desire, the abasement & destruction of a People, whom in a fearful constest they found equal to themselves in all except numbers & resources By a concession of equal rights alone can the full conduct of the People of the South obtained, without which no government can be free or stable That this will be granted can not be doubted. The contest which has been waged with such manly vigor for four years, will, when the sea of Passion has subsided, but lead to a more respectful consideration of the opinion of sections & the rights of the States; for in the new combinations of interests, that the great changes impending must produce, there will be no security from states East —West—North—or South—, but in a strict construction & honest observance of ^all^ the terms of the Federal Compact. We must begin & build anew. A great work is before us; it is upon us.—Let us begin wisely, but at once to clear away the rubbish of the old foundation. Let a Convention of the People be Called, at the earliest possible day, to repeal the ordinances of the convention of 1861 & to remodel the constitution of the State. I recommend this as the subject for your first consideration & action; for every day of delay but increases our perils & difficulties. Let us show to the North by the prompt action of our people, that exhausted as we are by a protracted & disastrous war, we have courage to face the events & the vigor to act. That there are no di-visions, that there is no disloyalty amongst us, no "misguided masses"—. Loyalty with us the obedience of the citizen to the laws & the constitution of his state & the observance of the compacts & [?] formerly in Sovereign consent. That it is the masses who lead and govern here & to them we are are accustomed at all times to refer all questions of constitutional amendments & National changes as we do now & that no one however [?] in office or humble in position can free himself from the obligations & calls imposed by the sovereign [?] of the People or [?] national relations without their soveriegn consent—This can only be obtained by the action of a convention called by you & sanctioned & elected by the People—This [?] [settled?] by a custom that has [received?] [uniform?] [?] Page 3: & [acquiesce?] & it may be said to be itself a fundamental law. It may well be [doubted?] whether the action of a con-vention assembled in any other manner would bind the [consciences?] of our [people?]. Then an other subject which will require the [steady?] [?] of a convention The finances of the State will require their attention Their condition renders the enlargement of your powers necessary to the adjustment of pecuniary dif- ficulties—[strikethrough] [unclear] [strikethrough] [?] that your [?] the further collection of the state taxes—The [?] in it is now being collected is worthless—That already collected should ordered to be returned to the parties from whom it was received—no Taxes we have [funds?] can be collected until next winter & the further collecters & assessment of money taxes may therefore be [?] postponed till the meeting of the next Legislature I recommend [?] the [revisions?] of yours leave for the collection or a tax in kind on agricultural products—The [Destitution?] of a portion of [our?] People [requires?] that this tax shall be immediately increased & promptly col-lected—A large portion of the tax in kind assessed under the confederate laws has not been paid—You [?] by law adjust this assessment & make it payable to the [strikethrough] [unclear] [strikethrough] relieving from the payment those from whom the tax has been collected—The state salt works will be no longer be profitable—& I rec-ommend that they be sold—The further manufacture of spiritous liquors at the State distillery should be discontinued. It will no longer pay expenses—I earnestly recommend that the law against distilling & the sale of spiritous liquors except for medicinal purposes be continued [in?] force [ammending?] [this?] only so far as to permit the dispensary to purchase & sell under the orders of the Boards of Police & under such further stringent regulations & provisions as may prevent abuse The [wisdom?] of your laws on this subject—is now evedent at the officers in too many instances have neglected their duty as to their enforcement—I [recom-?] that for this [penalties?] be proscuted for neglect of duty by Sheriff so their peace officers To their neglect—[ineffeciency?] & coward-ice is to be [mainly?] [?] [the?] [?] of crime & the [?] of life & property—The Terrible contest this which the country has just passed aroused in every section the [fiercest?] [?] of the human heart & in many instances has lead to the commission of crimes of the most malignant character until it [?] lawlessness seems to have culminated in the assassination of (W Lincoln President of the U,S, & the attempt to assassinate [?] Seward Secretary of State—For the then acts of atrocious horror so repugnant to the [?] of the [?] [?] & so much opposed the [?] regula-ting our social life you feel I am sure in [common?] with the whole people of this State the [?] [sen-timents?] of [?]—The period too at which they occured was most inauspicious for the [fortunes?] of this country—They have [?] as was most natural the mind of the Northern People & the right thinking [?] when the [?] [?] [aroused?] by these acts Page 4: have passed away will not attribute them to the Southern People yet for the present they may relaid an adjustment of our laws & social institutions on such a basis as will most speedily give quest & repose to the people & the country It is alleged that the immediate parties engaged in the assassinations have implicated in some manner a number of gentlemen well known for ^them^ adherence to the cause & [fortunes?] of the South & among this number is Mr. Davis the President of the Confederate States & Mr. Thompson of this state—I do not know the [?] of the [?] in which the danger is made But the [?] of the private character of these gentlemen & a long life in which they have been held in highest esteem for [?] [?] honor & truth & for [conduct?] [?] [?] by the ruler of Christian morality justify [?] the [unqualified?] [opinion?] that it is impossible they could have been in any [?] [implicated?] or even cognizant of the intention to commit these crimes which if at all justly attributable to them would [?] their names & characters forever. Chas Clark Gov. Miss Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Report from Mississippi Governor Charles Clark to Mississippi State Legislature; May 1865 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context mdah_758-Clark-Ledger Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Charles, 1811-1877; Mississippi. Governor; Mississippi. Legislature Description An account of the resource From the Mississippi Department of Archives and History Governor Clark Collection. Report from Mississippi Governor Charles Clark to the Mississippi State Legislature discussing surrender, Confederate motivations during war, and plans for the future. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Clark, Charles, 1811-1877 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Mississippi Department of Archives and History. (electronic version); Mississippi Digital Library. (electronic version) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1865-05 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Funding for this project provided by The Dale Center for Study of War and Society-USM, the Mississippi Department of Archives and History, the Mississippi Digital Library, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, the University of Southern Mississippi, and the Watson-Brown Foundation Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Language A language of the resource English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1865 https://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/dcbc4332540ee2f8415f853da3a610cd.png 532c5060e8e7e95b8f4ec95198ced810 https://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/187e32406e4a4425285febb4dd8d39e1.png 3f731abce16c0a7167a8aaafec114621 https://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/e4656804f90e514289f7c1b09883802c.png f9a95e111eb554fc0472b5654cb92e7d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Memory and Commemoration Subject The topic of the resource Most documents from the height of Civil War memory and commemoration efforts in Mississippi and the larger United States are from the early 20th century. Because of this, they won't be found in the CWRGM collection, which ends in 1882. But CWRGM documents can still help site users think about how the <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/lost_cause_the">Lost Cause</a> helped erase the memory of white Unionism in Mississippi, of Black military service in the Union armies/navy, and of tremendous socio-economic advances by African-Americans during the era of Reconstruction that were systematically attacked as that era came to a close. The documents in this section help students, educators, researchers, and the public explore the wartime experiences that the Lost Cause helped erase. Some of the earliest examples of wartime dissent that surface in these sample documents occur shortly after the Confederacy passed the Conscription Act, forcibly drafting men into Confederate military service. Instances of this appear in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/24">July 1862 in Kemper County</a> and <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/25">August 1862 in Lowndes County, MS</a>, and you'll notice that they mostly address perceived inefficiencies of the law or its unfair enforcement. A great example of this is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/23">July 1862 petition from Jasper County</a> opposing illegal implementation of the draft, but not the draft per se. In October 1862, however, the Confederate legislature enacted what became known as the 20 Slave Law to ensure that selected slave holders could remain at home to police enslaved populations and ensure that agricultural production continued. For a summary on this exemption and the frustrations it caused, including complaints that this was now a "rich man's war but a poor man's fight," see <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/twenty-slave_law">this short essay</a>. Evidence of the growing resistance to conscription in Mississippi surfaces in these sample documents as early as the spring and summer of 1863, with an account from Canton, MS, referencing the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/39">public's sympathy for deserters</a> and another from Union Church in Jefferson County referencing the public's unwillingness to assist in the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/45">arrest of deserters</a>. As late as the spring of 1865, documents can be found in the collection, like this one from <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/64">Enterprise, MS</a>, noting the need to round up deserters and locals' unwillingness to assist in the process. On the question of Unionism in Mississippi during and immediately following the war, historians estimate that approximately 500 white Mississippians serve in the <a href="http://www.mshistorynow.mdah.ms.gov/articles/175/mississippi-soldiers-in-the-civil-war">Union Army and Navy</a>, while others expressed their Union sympathies as civilians. Several examples of this exist in these sample documents, but not necessarily in this "Memory and Commemoration" theme. You can find them by doing a keyword search for "Union" at the top of any page in the exhibit. One example of wartime Unionism is found in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/73">James H. Pierce's July 1865 </a>letter to Governor Sharkey, seeking an appointment in recognition of Pierce's loyalty as a "union man" during the war. A <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/77">similar account</a> of longstanding unionism arrived in Sharkey's office that month from a Macon, MS man. Former Confederates noted Unionist support as well, as this <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/68">June 1865 letter</a> from Ripley, MS demonstrates. O. Davis was a former Confederate who accepted that defeat, noting, "the institution of slavery was staked upon the result of the war. We have played and lost and I, for one, am willing to surrender this stake." But Davis protested the idea that Mississippi men who fought for the Union might receive political appointments in the postwar period, insisting that "There is, and will be, for some time much prejudice against Those Southern men who have been in the U.S. army." One of the most powerful documents in this theme is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/66">May 1865 address</a> by Mississippi's last Confederate governor, Charles Clark. CWRGM is digitizing governors' Legislative Ledgers last, so this image is actually from digitized microfilm and doesn't reflect the quality standards of the project. It's also difficult to read, as you will notice from the incomplete transcription. But if you scroll down a bit, you'll see that this is a speech by Governor Clark to the Mississippi House of Representatives. The state had just surrendered to Union forces and all sitting office-holders, from the governor on down, were sent home, with some concerned that they might be arrested. Clark's speech reflects his determination to shape how history remembers their role in the Confederacy, despite insisting that he "shall leave the story of this contest to after times & the pen of the impartial Historian. Its History can not now be written." Instead, Clark presented one of the earliest histories of the war, listing its causes, the best approach for the future, and how the state's role in the Confederacy should be remembered. (Written by Susannah J. Ural, Ph.D.) Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Page 1: Scooba Miss. April 22nd" 1865 Capt. The following deserters from my Company are supposed to be with the Command of Major Montgomery of Miss. State Troops: viz: Private S. L. Allen about 47 years of age. " Jasper De. C. Pettigrew " 19 " " " " Roberts age unknown " L. B. Self " " This command has, for a long time, been scouting near the homes of theses men, and has offered them protection. I have twice applied to Major Montgomery for the return of these men but to no purpose; and I now request that they be demanded through your Head-quarters. It may be well to state that Privates Roberts and Self belong to the detachment of Russell's Company turned over to me by Page 2: Major T. R. Shearon, to whom Capt. Russell had been ordered to report. The other two men were enlisted, by me, about the 1st" of June 1864. Very Respectfully Your Obt. Servt. R, M, Butler Capt Comndg, unattached To Company Miss. Reserves, Capt. M. K. Mister A.A.Genl". Scooba Miss April 22nd" 1865 Capt. R.M. Butler Comndg, unattached Co. —Miss. Reserves— Request for return of deserters from his Co— now serving with Montgomery's Battalion Miss State Troops— Hd 2nd Cavalry Reserves Scooba Miss Apl 23rd 1865 Respy Fowd to Genl Brandon with the earnest request that these men be returned (under guard)—to their proper command— J C Davis ="Col. Comdg Page 3: Head Quarters Reser forces Enterprise Apl 24th 1865 Respy ford to Gov Clark with the request that these men be returned to their command under guard By order Brig Genl [N?] [L?] Brandon [Miss?] Men AAG EBB #1288 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter from Captain R. M. Butler to Mississippi Governor Charles Clark; April 22, 1865 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context mdah_768-950-08-29 Subject The topic of the resource Military deserters.; Mississippi. Governor; Mississippi. Militia; Sharkey, William Lewis, 1798-1873 Description An account of the resource From the Mississippi Department of Archives and History Governor Clark Collection. Letter from Confederate Captain R. M. Butler to Mississippi Governor Charles Clark concerning deserters from his company of state troops serving in another unit. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Butler, R. M. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Mississippi Department of Archives and History. (electronic version); Mississippi Digital Library. (electronic version) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1865-04-22 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Funding for this project provided by The Dale Center for Study of War and Society-USM, the Mississippi Department of Archives and History, the Mississippi Digital Library, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, the University of Southern Mississippi, and the Watson-Brown Foundation Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Language A language of the resource English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1865 https://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/333426873287cd4abf3458ae8c7484ca.png d8921ebb6eccb7eba28e321286618df3 https://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/3951cdcd34e7f5c38d5868e66a173402.png 52be0e99d55c82fea1fd6b57b8be3fd2 https://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/001801e6a1cefa82ef29513c2e7fb1d2.png 7221101aa0e8dc3eebf9c6f598925b2d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Memory and Commemoration Subject The topic of the resource Most documents from the height of Civil War memory and commemoration efforts in Mississippi and the larger United States are from the early 20th century. Because of this, they won't be found in the CWRGM collection, which ends in 1882. But CWRGM documents can still help site users think about how the <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/lost_cause_the">Lost Cause</a> helped erase the memory of white Unionism in Mississippi, of Black military service in the Union armies/navy, and of tremendous socio-economic advances by African-Americans during the era of Reconstruction that were systematically attacked as that era came to a close. The documents in this section help students, educators, researchers, and the public explore the wartime experiences that the Lost Cause helped erase. Some of the earliest examples of wartime dissent that surface in these sample documents occur shortly after the Confederacy passed the Conscription Act, forcibly drafting men into Confederate military service. Instances of this appear in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/24">July 1862 in Kemper County</a> and <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/25">August 1862 in Lowndes County, MS</a>, and you'll notice that they mostly address perceived inefficiencies of the law or its unfair enforcement. A great example of this is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/23">July 1862 petition from Jasper County</a> opposing illegal implementation of the draft, but not the draft per se. In October 1862, however, the Confederate legislature enacted what became known as the 20 Slave Law to ensure that selected slave holders could remain at home to police enslaved populations and ensure that agricultural production continued. For a summary on this exemption and the frustrations it caused, including complaints that this was now a "rich man's war but a poor man's fight," see <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/twenty-slave_law">this short essay</a>. Evidence of the growing resistance to conscription in Mississippi surfaces in these sample documents as early as the spring and summer of 1863, with an account from Canton, MS, referencing the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/39">public's sympathy for deserters</a> and another from Union Church in Jefferson County referencing the public's unwillingness to assist in the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/45">arrest of deserters</a>. As late as the spring of 1865, documents can be found in the collection, like this one from <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/64">Enterprise, MS</a>, noting the need to round up deserters and locals' unwillingness to assist in the process. On the question of Unionism in Mississippi during and immediately following the war, historians estimate that approximately 500 white Mississippians serve in the <a href="http://www.mshistorynow.mdah.ms.gov/articles/175/mississippi-soldiers-in-the-civil-war">Union Army and Navy</a>, while others expressed their Union sympathies as civilians. Several examples of this exist in these sample documents, but not necessarily in this "Memory and Commemoration" theme. You can find them by doing a keyword search for "Union" at the top of any page in the exhibit. One example of wartime Unionism is found in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/73">James H. Pierce's July 1865 </a>letter to Governor Sharkey, seeking an appointment in recognition of Pierce's loyalty as a "union man" during the war. A <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/77">similar account</a> of longstanding unionism arrived in Sharkey's office that month from a Macon, MS man. Former Confederates noted Unionist support as well, as this <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/68">June 1865 letter</a> from Ripley, MS demonstrates. O. Davis was a former Confederate who accepted that defeat, noting, "the institution of slavery was staked upon the result of the war. We have played and lost and I, for one, am willing to surrender this stake." But Davis protested the idea that Mississippi men who fought for the Union might receive political appointments in the postwar period, insisting that "There is, and will be, for some time much prejudice against Those Southern men who have been in the U.S. army." One of the most powerful documents in this theme is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/66">May 1865 address</a> by Mississippi's last Confederate governor, Charles Clark. CWRGM is digitizing governors' Legislative Ledgers last, so this image is actually from digitized microfilm and doesn't reflect the quality standards of the project. It's also difficult to read, as you will notice from the incomplete transcription. But if you scroll down a bit, you'll see that this is a speech by Governor Clark to the Mississippi House of Representatives. The state had just surrendered to Union forces and all sitting office-holders, from the governor on down, were sent home, with some concerned that they might be arrested. Clark's speech reflects his determination to shape how history remembers their role in the Confederacy, despite insisting that he "shall leave the story of this contest to after times & the pen of the impartial Historian. Its History can not now be written." Instead, Clark presented one of the earliest histories of the war, listing its causes, the best approach for the future, and how the state's role in the Confederacy should be remembered. (Written by Susannah J. Ural, Ph.D.) Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Page 1: Hd Qrs Military Post Enterprise Miss Feby 21st 1865. Colonel, Sir I respectfully ask permission to bring to the notice of the Lieut General commanding this Department the subject of returning men to the field, who are absent from their commands. The lack of mounted men to arrest these absentees is a serious draw back on those who have the matter in charge. To remedy this want, to some extent, the Legislature of the State of Mississippi, have heretofore passed an act requiring all state officers, who are exempted from conscription by order of the Governor; to arrest all absentees from the army, found in their counties. The penalty for neglect of this duty, is that they shall be reported to the Grand jury, and upon conviction, their office to be declared vacant, and the party conscribed. But their being no courts held in two thirds of the counties, this penalty amounts to nothing, and the law is not inforced—in fact it cannot be with any prospect of imediate remedy, for the reason that in ordi-nary times, it would require two years to convict a man under the law. There ^are^ from thirty to fifty men exempted in each county in the state, who in fact have nothing to do an official ch[strikethrough]unknown[strikethrough]achter, that requires three days in a month These men all have horses, and can travel over their counties five days in a week, and still perform all their official duties—they know every man in the county—where he lives, to what part of the army he belongs, and when he is at home: so that if they would perform their duty, it would give a respectable sized company of mounted men in each coun-ty. To remedy this defect and to provide a speedy and ef-fective penalty against against these exempts, I must respectfully submit, the propriety of Lieut Genl Taylor, inviting the at-tention of the Governor and Legislature, now in session to the subject, and suggest ^that^ the passage of law, authorizing the Enrolling officer in each county to call upon these exempts Page 2: and require them to give a certain portion of their time to this duty, and upon neglect or failure to comply, that the officer report the fact to the Governor, who shall revoke their exemptions, and place them immediately sent to the field:— would [reside?] the present law effective and be the means, of obviating the necessity of making details from the army to perform this police duty. I hope Sir, you will not consider me as presuming, in offering these suggestions to my supervise officer, un-asked, but receive them as the convictions that have presented themselves to my mind, in the discharge of my official duties. I am Sir—very Respectfully Your Obedient Servant M S Ward Major Comd Post. To Colonel E Surget. A. A. G. Meredian Miss Page 3: Hd. Qrs. Military Post. Enterprise Miss Feby 21st, 1865 Major M. S. Ward Comd.g .Post Calling attention to the subject of returning ab-sentees to the army, and making some suggestions thereon. Hd Qrs Dept Ala Miss & E. La Meridian Feby 23d 1865 Respectfully referred to His Excellency Gov Clark for his consideration, It would doubtless be to the interest of the service should the Legis[gap]lature take some such action as is suggested by Maj Ward. R. Taylor Lieut Genl # 35 [?] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter from M.S. Ward to E. Surget; February 21, 1865 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context mdah_768-950-06-15 Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Charles, 1811-1877; Confederate States of America. Army.; Military deserters.; Mississippi. Governor; Description An account of the resource From the Mississippi Department of Archives and History Governor Clark Collection. Letter from M. S. Ward, commander of the Post at Enterprise, Mississippi, to E. Surget concerning the use of exempt county officials to capture deserters from the army. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ward, M. S. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Mississippi Department of Archives and History. (electronic version); Mississippi Digital Library. (electronic version) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1865-02-21 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Funding for this project provided by The Dale Center for Study of War and Society-USM, the Mississippi Department of Archives and History, the Mississippi Digital Library, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, the University of Southern Mississippi, and the Watson-Brown Foundation Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Language A language of the resource English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1865 https://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/98c213c5118d00d1bf59a3da2afa70b6.png bf6a1de2eb1b1da7da0fe9a6baf7d38c https://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/ecc94b96dce2ba402b43d5e7674894b1.png 15d3ba8a2aa241775752474facd493f1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Memory and Commemoration Subject The topic of the resource Most documents from the height of Civil War memory and commemoration efforts in Mississippi and the larger United States are from the early 20th century. Because of this, they won't be found in the CWRGM collection, which ends in 1882. But CWRGM documents can still help site users think about how the <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/lost_cause_the">Lost Cause</a> helped erase the memory of white Unionism in Mississippi, of Black military service in the Union armies/navy, and of tremendous socio-economic advances by African-Americans during the era of Reconstruction that were systematically attacked as that era came to a close. The documents in this section help students, educators, researchers, and the public explore the wartime experiences that the Lost Cause helped erase. Some of the earliest examples of wartime dissent that surface in these sample documents occur shortly after the Confederacy passed the Conscription Act, forcibly drafting men into Confederate military service. Instances of this appear in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/24">July 1862 in Kemper County</a> and <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/25">August 1862 in Lowndes County, MS</a>, and you'll notice that they mostly address perceived inefficiencies of the law or its unfair enforcement. A great example of this is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/23">July 1862 petition from Jasper County</a> opposing illegal implementation of the draft, but not the draft per se. In October 1862, however, the Confederate legislature enacted what became known as the 20 Slave Law to ensure that selected slave holders could remain at home to police enslaved populations and ensure that agricultural production continued. For a summary on this exemption and the frustrations it caused, including complaints that this was now a "rich man's war but a poor man's fight," see <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/twenty-slave_law">this short essay</a>. Evidence of the growing resistance to conscription in Mississippi surfaces in these sample documents as early as the spring and summer of 1863, with an account from Canton, MS, referencing the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/39">public's sympathy for deserters</a> and another from Union Church in Jefferson County referencing the public's unwillingness to assist in the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/45">arrest of deserters</a>. As late as the spring of 1865, documents can be found in the collection, like this one from <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/64">Enterprise, MS</a>, noting the need to round up deserters and locals' unwillingness to assist in the process. On the question of Unionism in Mississippi during and immediately following the war, historians estimate that approximately 500 white Mississippians serve in the <a href="http://www.mshistorynow.mdah.ms.gov/articles/175/mississippi-soldiers-in-the-civil-war">Union Army and Navy</a>, while others expressed their Union sympathies as civilians. Several examples of this exist in these sample documents, but not necessarily in this "Memory and Commemoration" theme. You can find them by doing a keyword search for "Union" at the top of any page in the exhibit. One example of wartime Unionism is found in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/73">James H. Pierce's July 1865 </a>letter to Governor Sharkey, seeking an appointment in recognition of Pierce's loyalty as a "union man" during the war. A <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/77">similar account</a> of longstanding unionism arrived in Sharkey's office that month from a Macon, MS man. Former Confederates noted Unionist support as well, as this <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/68">June 1865 letter</a> from Ripley, MS demonstrates. O. Davis was a former Confederate who accepted that defeat, noting, "the institution of slavery was staked upon the result of the war. We have played and lost and I, for one, am willing to surrender this stake." But Davis protested the idea that Mississippi men who fought for the Union might receive political appointments in the postwar period, insisting that "There is, and will be, for some time much prejudice against Those Southern men who have been in the U.S. army." One of the most powerful documents in this theme is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/66">May 1865 address</a> by Mississippi's last Confederate governor, Charles Clark. CWRGM is digitizing governors' Legislative Ledgers last, so this image is actually from digitized microfilm and doesn't reflect the quality standards of the project. It's also difficult to read, as you will notice from the incomplete transcription. But if you scroll down a bit, you'll see that this is a speech by Governor Clark to the Mississippi House of Representatives. The state had just surrendered to Union forces and all sitting office-holders, from the governor on down, were sent home, with some concerned that they might be arrested. Clark's speech reflects his determination to shape how history remembers their role in the Confederacy, despite insisting that he "shall leave the story of this contest to after times & the pen of the impartial Historian. Its History can not now be written." Instead, Clark presented one of the earliest histories of the war, listing its causes, the best approach for the future, and how the state's role in the Confederacy should be remembered. (Written by Susannah J. Ural, Ph.D.) Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Page 1: Office of Chief C.S. 4th. Dist. of Miss. Macon, Aug, 22d. 1864 To his Excellency Charles Clark Governor of Mississippi Macon, Miss. Sir There are some men employed in the purchasing branch of the Commissary Department in this District under my control, who by reason of their holding civil offices of the State are exempt from military duty in the Confederate service. These men are all within the ages of militia as prescribed by the recent act of the Legislature. I respectfully request to be informed whether the fact of their being employed in a branch of the Confederate service, though not soldiers in enrolled conscripts, frees them from liability to military service to the State under the law and your proclamation. I mainly desire information on this point, Page 2: as I have no intention or wish to claim or retain them if they are required for or liable to service in the State forces. The Act of the Legislature exempts those actually 'in the Confederate service" but I desire your decision as to who came under this head and who do not. Very respectfully Yr. obdt. sevt. John T. Shaaff Capt. & Chf. C.S. 4th Dist. Miss. Capt Shaaff Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter from John T. Shaaff to Mississippi Governor Charles Clark; August 22, 1864 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context mdah_768-949-10-37 Subject The topic of the resource Draft.; Mississippi. Governor; Sharkey, William Lewis, 1798-1873 Description An account of the resource From the Mississippi Department of Archives and History Governor Clark Collection. Letter from John T. Shaaff from the Office of the Chief Commissary for the 4th District of Mississippi to Mississippi Governor Charles Clark asking if his employees are exempt from the draft. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Shaaff, John T. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Mississippi Department of Archives and History. (electronic version); Mississippi Digital Library. (electronic version) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1864-08-22 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Funding for this project provided by The Dale Center for Study of War and Society-USM, the Mississippi Department of Archives and History, the Mississippi Digital Library, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, the University of Southern Mississippi, and the Watson-Brown Foundation Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Language A language of the resource English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1864 https://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/57c1e83fca4c9ee1ee5d4455a891e37c.png aa33b43d66245050a5014be7197812e3 https://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/d945054c8728a7da1cd383a6e494a4ce.png 27126b94f130da249c35a76d8410c197 https://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/eecd3ebe4d549215268961d7d9a91bea.png 36b4f29ebc8553b65efb63ee6828cf57 https://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/ba328146bb32bab6fcaa4a6874222019.png 3c43c2601ee54cc169c2ec8a2124942e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Memory and Commemoration Subject The topic of the resource Most documents from the height of Civil War memory and commemoration efforts in Mississippi and the larger United States are from the early 20th century. Because of this, they won't be found in the CWRGM collection, which ends in 1882. But CWRGM documents can still help site users think about how the <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/lost_cause_the">Lost Cause</a> helped erase the memory of white Unionism in Mississippi, of Black military service in the Union armies/navy, and of tremendous socio-economic advances by African-Americans during the era of Reconstruction that were systematically attacked as that era came to a close. The documents in this section help students, educators, researchers, and the public explore the wartime experiences that the Lost Cause helped erase. Some of the earliest examples of wartime dissent that surface in these sample documents occur shortly after the Confederacy passed the Conscription Act, forcibly drafting men into Confederate military service. Instances of this appear in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/24">July 1862 in Kemper County</a> and <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/25">August 1862 in Lowndes County, MS</a>, and you'll notice that they mostly address perceived inefficiencies of the law or its unfair enforcement. A great example of this is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/23">July 1862 petition from Jasper County</a> opposing illegal implementation of the draft, but not the draft per se. In October 1862, however, the Confederate legislature enacted what became known as the 20 Slave Law to ensure that selected slave holders could remain at home to police enslaved populations and ensure that agricultural production continued. For a summary on this exemption and the frustrations it caused, including complaints that this was now a "rich man's war but a poor man's fight," see <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/twenty-slave_law">this short essay</a>. Evidence of the growing resistance to conscription in Mississippi surfaces in these sample documents as early as the spring and summer of 1863, with an account from Canton, MS, referencing the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/39">public's sympathy for deserters</a> and another from Union Church in Jefferson County referencing the public's unwillingness to assist in the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/45">arrest of deserters</a>. As late as the spring of 1865, documents can be found in the collection, like this one from <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/64">Enterprise, MS</a>, noting the need to round up deserters and locals' unwillingness to assist in the process. On the question of Unionism in Mississippi during and immediately following the war, historians estimate that approximately 500 white Mississippians serve in the <a href="http://www.mshistorynow.mdah.ms.gov/articles/175/mississippi-soldiers-in-the-civil-war">Union Army and Navy</a>, while others expressed their Union sympathies as civilians. Several examples of this exist in these sample documents, but not necessarily in this "Memory and Commemoration" theme. You can find them by doing a keyword search for "Union" at the top of any page in the exhibit. One example of wartime Unionism is found in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/73">James H. Pierce's July 1865 </a>letter to Governor Sharkey, seeking an appointment in recognition of Pierce's loyalty as a "union man" during the war. A <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/77">similar account</a> of longstanding unionism arrived in Sharkey's office that month from a Macon, MS man. Former Confederates noted Unionist support as well, as this <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/68">June 1865 letter</a> from Ripley, MS demonstrates. O. Davis was a former Confederate who accepted that defeat, noting, "the institution of slavery was staked upon the result of the war. We have played and lost and I, for one, am willing to surrender this stake." But Davis protested the idea that Mississippi men who fought for the Union might receive political appointments in the postwar period, insisting that "There is, and will be, for some time much prejudice against Those Southern men who have been in the U.S. army." One of the most powerful documents in this theme is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/66">May 1865 address</a> by Mississippi's last Confederate governor, Charles Clark. CWRGM is digitizing governors' Legislative Ledgers last, so this image is actually from digitized microfilm and doesn't reflect the quality standards of the project. It's also difficult to read, as you will notice from the incomplete transcription. But if you scroll down a bit, you'll see that this is a speech by Governor Clark to the Mississippi House of Representatives. The state had just surrendered to Union forces and all sitting office-holders, from the governor on down, were sent home, with some concerned that they might be arrested. Clark's speech reflects his determination to shape how history remembers their role in the Confederacy, despite insisting that he "shall leave the story of this contest to after times & the pen of the impartial Historian. Its History can not now be written." Instead, Clark presented one of the earliest histories of the war, listing its causes, the best approach for the future, and how the state's role in the Confederacy should be remembered. (Written by Susannah J. Ural, Ph.D.) Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Page 1: Miss State salt works July 31, 1864, Gov Charles Clark Governor Capt Dunning will hand you my report I hope it will be satisfactory. We have the logs within 200 yards of the Tank & hope to get them through & try the water in them by Thursday, The cased well I also expect to complete in two or three days. The Conscript officers here required our salt contractors to report in Mobile to Major stone, & that our employees shall be enrolled, & be regularly detailed—I went to see Major stone & he says, if I will get the Commandant of Conscript of Miss: to approve all of the appointments made by me & approved by Your Excellency, that the Conscript officers in this state will respect them, & ordered the Enrolling officers here to give me ample time to have our papers arranged—In the mean time I wrote Gov Watts, that whatever arrangements he was making to protect his Contractors & Employees to make the same for us; I hear he referred the matter to Col Lockhart endorsing my letter, requesting that we should be protected. I have lost almost three weeks & spent several hundred Dollars in going to Mobile three times & St Stephens as often in trying to get our papers arranged,—[strikethrough] it is [strikethrough] Page 2: The Conscript officers here say your proclamation is of no service to us in this state & that I have no right to give an appointment to a citizen of this state, they took off two of our men (the Barrel Makers) one of them turned out to be a deserter, the other supposed to be a citizen of this state; Major Stone ordered him back here if found to be a citizen of Miss: but if a citizen of Ala: to be sent to him. Capt Dunning brings up all of the appointments & contracts for both Contractors & Employees, every one is a Citizen of Miss: I have sent you also two appointments for approval if you think advisable, Haley & Haggard, Log & Nellborey?—Genl Nest applied to Genl Pillow for a detail for them, through the office in Columbus, they replied to him they were detailed to him & their details could be obtained by applying to that office, I have written there, also Genl Nest to get the details, but have never recieved them, I have just heard from our distributing Depot Fourteen counties have applied for salt & paid in 8,216 Dollars, which amount Capt Dunning brings up to deposit in the Treasury, Capt Dunning will also hand you an Estimate for funds which I require to pay up my entire indebtedness—Nineteen Thousand Dollars, that amount you will notice includes Barrels & [cane?] Page 3: which I have yet to recieve. If it can be so arranged that I can get it without coming up, I would much prefer it, as I do not wish to lieve here until I try the water & several other important and interesting experiments, I do wish so much I had the other two furnaces up & the water out here turning out 160 Bushels pr day instead of 80, it would seem as if we were doing something, but I tell you it takes time & a heap of work to make a showing these times & what is equally as bad, a heap of money. The Pump is doing well, the Furnaces doing well, our people healthy for the number & if I can only make a good job of the Logs I will be very thankful. I am very truly your Obdt sevt T. A. Philips. Genl. Salt, agt. [S.W.?] Governor. I had the above written when Col Lockhart's letter with your endorsement was handed me, I will get the report made out in the morning & send you along with this by Capt Dunning. Very truly T. A. Philips Governor I have used Twelve hundred & Six Dollars & 28 cents out of the amount spoken of above directing Capt Dunning to replace it out of Page 4: the funds expected to recieve from you, Respecfully yrs T. A. Philips, Genl Salt agt [S.W.?] T. A. Phillips [strikethrough]Aug[strikethrough]July 31, 64 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter from T. A. Philips to Mississippi Governor Charles Clark; July 31, 1864 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context mdah_768-949-09-37 Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Charles, 1811-1877; Confederate States of America. Army.; Draft.; Mississippi. Governor Description An account of the resource From the Mississippi Department of Archives and History Governor Clark Collection. Letter from the Mississippi state salt works by T. A. Philips, the state salt agent, to Mississippi Governor Charles Clark concerning the effort to have his workers exempted from the draft. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Philips, T. A. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Mississippi Department of Archives and History. (electronic version); Mississippi Digital Library. (electronic version) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1864-07-31 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Funding for this project provided by The Dale Center for Study of War and Society-USM, the Mississippi Department of Archives and History, the Mississippi Digital Library, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, the University of Southern Mississippi, and the Watson-Brown Foundation Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Language A language of the resource English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1864 https://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/5d348c7603f4c6c5fb3c557468424aaa.png e7585cb800cf44e024d07cad9407fbec https://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/d31058fcc0b017199facc7082e1d2282.png 402dac2975067278854948bf40e592cc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Memory and Commemoration Subject The topic of the resource Most documents from the height of Civil War memory and commemoration efforts in Mississippi and the larger United States are from the early 20th century. Because of this, they won't be found in the CWRGM collection, which ends in 1882. But CWRGM documents can still help site users think about how the <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/lost_cause_the">Lost Cause</a> helped erase the memory of white Unionism in Mississippi, of Black military service in the Union armies/navy, and of tremendous socio-economic advances by African-Americans during the era of Reconstruction that were systematically attacked as that era came to a close. The documents in this section help students, educators, researchers, and the public explore the wartime experiences that the Lost Cause helped erase. Some of the earliest examples of wartime dissent that surface in these sample documents occur shortly after the Confederacy passed the Conscription Act, forcibly drafting men into Confederate military service. Instances of this appear in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/24">July 1862 in Kemper County</a> and <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/25">August 1862 in Lowndes County, MS</a>, and you'll notice that they mostly address perceived inefficiencies of the law or its unfair enforcement. A great example of this is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/23">July 1862 petition from Jasper County</a> opposing illegal implementation of the draft, but not the draft per se. In October 1862, however, the Confederate legislature enacted what became known as the 20 Slave Law to ensure that selected slave holders could remain at home to police enslaved populations and ensure that agricultural production continued. For a summary on this exemption and the frustrations it caused, including complaints that this was now a "rich man's war but a poor man's fight," see <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/twenty-slave_law">this short essay</a>. Evidence of the growing resistance to conscription in Mississippi surfaces in these sample documents as early as the spring and summer of 1863, with an account from Canton, MS, referencing the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/39">public's sympathy for deserters</a> and another from Union Church in Jefferson County referencing the public's unwillingness to assist in the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/45">arrest of deserters</a>. As late as the spring of 1865, documents can be found in the collection, like this one from <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/64">Enterprise, MS</a>, noting the need to round up deserters and locals' unwillingness to assist in the process. On the question of Unionism in Mississippi during and immediately following the war, historians estimate that approximately 500 white Mississippians serve in the <a href="http://www.mshistorynow.mdah.ms.gov/articles/175/mississippi-soldiers-in-the-civil-war">Union Army and Navy</a>, while others expressed their Union sympathies as civilians. Several examples of this exist in these sample documents, but not necessarily in this "Memory and Commemoration" theme. You can find them by doing a keyword search for "Union" at the top of any page in the exhibit. One example of wartime Unionism is found in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/73">James H. Pierce's July 1865 </a>letter to Governor Sharkey, seeking an appointment in recognition of Pierce's loyalty as a "union man" during the war. A <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/77">similar account</a> of longstanding unionism arrived in Sharkey's office that month from a Macon, MS man. Former Confederates noted Unionist support as well, as this <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/68">June 1865 letter</a> from Ripley, MS demonstrates. O. Davis was a former Confederate who accepted that defeat, noting, "the institution of slavery was staked upon the result of the war. We have played and lost and I, for one, am willing to surrender this stake." But Davis protested the idea that Mississippi men who fought for the Union might receive political appointments in the postwar period, insisting that "There is, and will be, for some time much prejudice against Those Southern men who have been in the U.S. army." One of the most powerful documents in this theme is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/66">May 1865 address</a> by Mississippi's last Confederate governor, Charles Clark. CWRGM is digitizing governors' Legislative Ledgers last, so this image is actually from digitized microfilm and doesn't reflect the quality standards of the project. It's also difficult to read, as you will notice from the incomplete transcription. But if you scroll down a bit, you'll see that this is a speech by Governor Clark to the Mississippi House of Representatives. The state had just surrendered to Union forces and all sitting office-holders, from the governor on down, were sent home, with some concerned that they might be arrested. Clark's speech reflects his determination to shape how history remembers their role in the Confederacy, despite insisting that he "shall leave the story of this contest to after times & the pen of the impartial Historian. Its History can not now be written." Instead, Clark presented one of the earliest histories of the war, listing its causes, the best approach for the future, and how the state's role in the Confederacy should be remembered. (Written by Susannah J. Ural, Ph.D.) Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Page 1: Natchez June 28—63 Govr Pettus respected Sir. we are astonished at the Nomber of officers & men here, out of duty, cant no way be found, To Force Them back into service There are now 500 men in this County [strikethrough] [now?] [strikethrough], an increacing daily, who should be fighting for Those, who they are eating The Bread from—do pray see geneal Jonston and have Them forced unto the Army, for they are a [Menace?] for Them, isue no more mandates but force Them—If every County is so home sick, why our Army must be broken up it must be stopped—The last raid near Fayette is a disgrace To The South—we should have 200 men at all Times at Brookheaven 50 at Fayette near Port Gibson 100 and 80 all over The range probable for Them to raid—The doves of Beefs for Army next will be Taken—50 or 100 men should be kept to gard and escort Them else we will be in a straight about supplies—It is The wish of all the citizens That The lazy lounging fellows should be made To go To The army Lewis Pipes The cause demands it To be done Page 2: Lewis Pipes 28 June 1863 Answrd 4 July The attention of Genl Johnston has already been directed to the subject. Men have been ordered there to arrest stragglers & shall again be ordered. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter from Lewis Pipes to Mississippi Governor John J. Pettus; June 28, 1863 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context mdah_757-945-3-18 Subject The topic of the resource Military deserters.; Mississippi. Governor; Pettus, John Jones, 1813-1867. Description An account of the resource From the Mississippi Department of Archives and History Governor Pettus Collection. Letter from Lewis Pipes to Mississippi Governor John J. Pettus complaining about the number of deserters in Adams County, Mississippi. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Pipes, Lewis Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Mississippi Department of Archives and History. (electronic version); Mississippi Digital Library. (electronic version) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1863-06-28 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Funding for this project provided by The Dale Center for Study of War and Society-USM, the Mississippi Department of Archives and History, the Mississippi Digital Library, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, the University of Southern Mississippi, and the Watson-Brown Foundation Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Language A language of the resource English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1863 https://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/17e578aa036a64074d1e02e64d104ac5.png 220eb63a8e7de2dd39e8e581b3336efe https://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/c3cd22b4409e8ce3c5dcd7de14b3e27f.png b0d7a6fc10f187e601cb7a123f52ccf8 https://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/0442d715a0c14baf2604b59c3f111c07.png 99ee9c97517572872a98f2418177a44d https://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/a74fd9a2c91097703de18f8bbbbab313.png 998af0f81cced18d9a5a8e2995c0be39 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Memory and Commemoration Subject The topic of the resource Most documents from the height of Civil War memory and commemoration efforts in Mississippi and the larger United States are from the early 20th century. Because of this, they won't be found in the CWRGM collection, which ends in 1882. But CWRGM documents can still help site users think about how the <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/lost_cause_the">Lost Cause</a> helped erase the memory of white Unionism in Mississippi, of Black military service in the Union armies/navy, and of tremendous socio-economic advances by African-Americans during the era of Reconstruction that were systematically attacked as that era came to a close. The documents in this section help students, educators, researchers, and the public explore the wartime experiences that the Lost Cause helped erase. Some of the earliest examples of wartime dissent that surface in these sample documents occur shortly after the Confederacy passed the Conscription Act, forcibly drafting men into Confederate military service. Instances of this appear in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/24">July 1862 in Kemper County</a> and <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/25">August 1862 in Lowndes County, MS</a>, and you'll notice that they mostly address perceived inefficiencies of the law or its unfair enforcement. A great example of this is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/23">July 1862 petition from Jasper County</a> opposing illegal implementation of the draft, but not the draft per se. In October 1862, however, the Confederate legislature enacted what became known as the 20 Slave Law to ensure that selected slave holders could remain at home to police enslaved populations and ensure that agricultural production continued. For a summary on this exemption and the frustrations it caused, including complaints that this was now a "rich man's war but a poor man's fight," see <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/twenty-slave_law">this short essay</a>. Evidence of the growing resistance to conscription in Mississippi surfaces in these sample documents as early as the spring and summer of 1863, with an account from Canton, MS, referencing the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/39">public's sympathy for deserters</a> and another from Union Church in Jefferson County referencing the public's unwillingness to assist in the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/45">arrest of deserters</a>. As late as the spring of 1865, documents can be found in the collection, like this one from <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/64">Enterprise, MS</a>, noting the need to round up deserters and locals' unwillingness to assist in the process. On the question of Unionism in Mississippi during and immediately following the war, historians estimate that approximately 500 white Mississippians serve in the <a href="http://www.mshistorynow.mdah.ms.gov/articles/175/mississippi-soldiers-in-the-civil-war">Union Army and Navy</a>, while others expressed their Union sympathies as civilians. Several examples of this exist in these sample documents, but not necessarily in this "Memory and Commemoration" theme. You can find them by doing a keyword search for "Union" at the top of any page in the exhibit. One example of wartime Unionism is found in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/73">James H. Pierce's July 1865 </a>letter to Governor Sharkey, seeking an appointment in recognition of Pierce's loyalty as a "union man" during the war. A <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/77">similar account</a> of longstanding unionism arrived in Sharkey's office that month from a Macon, MS man. Former Confederates noted Unionist support as well, as this <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/68">June 1865 letter</a> from Ripley, MS demonstrates. O. Davis was a former Confederate who accepted that defeat, noting, "the institution of slavery was staked upon the result of the war. We have played and lost and I, for one, am willing to surrender this stake." But Davis protested the idea that Mississippi men who fought for the Union might receive political appointments in the postwar period, insisting that "There is, and will be, for some time much prejudice against Those Southern men who have been in the U.S. army." One of the most powerful documents in this theme is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/66">May 1865 address</a> by Mississippi's last Confederate governor, Charles Clark. CWRGM is digitizing governors' Legislative Ledgers last, so this image is actually from digitized microfilm and doesn't reflect the quality standards of the project. It's also difficult to read, as you will notice from the incomplete transcription. But if you scroll down a bit, you'll see that this is a speech by Governor Clark to the Mississippi House of Representatives. The state had just surrendered to Union forces and all sitting office-holders, from the governor on down, were sent home, with some concerned that they might be arrested. Clark's speech reflects his determination to shape how history remembers their role in the Confederacy, despite insisting that he "shall leave the story of this contest to after times & the pen of the impartial Historian. Its History can not now be written." Instead, Clark presented one of the earliest histories of the war, listing its causes, the best approach for the future, and how the state's role in the Confederacy should be remembered. (Written by Susannah J. Ural, Ph.D.) Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Page 1: Union Church June 22nd 1863 To His excellency John J. Pettus Governor & Commander in Chief State Miss Sir I have just got through a town through Jefferson, Adams & Wilkinson Counties to [see?] and confer with the Captains Companies "Minute Men" in order to see what would be the most practicable plan to execute Special order No. 158. in the 4th Batt Miss State Troops, In Adams & Wilkinson there are not loyal & obedient men enough to make a corporals guard, They openly and avowedly defy the authority of their officers I am satisfied that nothing but bayonets will establish discipline in the position of the command from those two counties In Jefferson I can report the organization only in a little better state of discipline What few men show any respect for one another do it very reluctantly and with hesitation [ongoing?] they do not wish to except such stringent [?] against their old neighbors and friends. Upon the whole if you could send a good and reliable force of calalry with orders to arrest every Militia man [strikethrough] at [strikethrough] absent with out leave Special order No 158, would be executed much more speedily and effectively, Myself and the various company officers from many causes have lost all influence over and control of the Page 2: command all we want is physical forces sufficient to restablish that control. On arriving at Natchez I conf. that our Quarter Master Capt John H. Foggs had gone to Matemoras Mexico I left an order there for him to report at Head Quarters to settle up. [strikethrough] [unclear] [strikethrough] As you are aware he loses his position by the resignation of Col. Postlethwaite and as you would not appoint another untill he would settle up we are without a Quarter Master which occassions another difficulty in executing my order, When we are ordered to arrest and forward under guard to Head Quarters any mutinous or disobedient soldier, we should either hand transportations or the funds to [procure?] it. we have neither. In the demoralized State of the command we will have to have these men in camp to carry out the order, how are we to get provisions & forage without funds or a Quartermaster to furnished it I mention these few items to show you the hercuilian tasks I have with such scanty means of accomplishing it What few men I could collect, I have now out under orders to arrest and bring to camp all absentees they can find, When I get them I have nothing to feed them with, The citizens ought ^to^ furnish us, but they say the military will not fight & ought not to be fed. With the means I have at command I am Page 3: doing and will do all I can to serve the great cause for which we are struggling, but want the matter to be plainly understood so that two great expextations need not be indulged in in regard to my efforts, when so ominous a task is alotted to me, I speak sincerely when I say that I have done all I could to make the State organization here effective, and believe I have ^a^ clear conscience when I say that I am not [acommentable?] for the demoralization in it Dr. Grafton Adjutant of the Battallion tenders you his resignation He is totally inefficient from physical inability to do the duties of the office and I believe it would add to the service if you accept his resignation,, I have now reported to His excellency the condition of the Battalion as plainly and thoughtfully as I can and if my efforts do not meet your approval, I am perfectly willing the matter should be in outdated by Court Martial Hoping that my efforts will be crowned with more success than this report foreshadows I will close Most obediently J. D. Fairley Maj Comd 4th Batt M. S. T. [strikethrough] P.S. [strikethrough] P.S. I forgot to mention the fact that the two companies from Adams were placed under command of Maj. Wails by special order from yourself. I got a letter from him to day in which he stated, that being unable to execute the order, he had tended his resignation J.D. Fairly Maj &c Page 4: Major J D Fairley 22 June 1863 Answerd 25 June by Dr Grafton Report to Genl [?] for orders Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter from J. D. Fairly to Mississippi Governor John J. Pettus; June 22, 1863 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context mdah_757-945-2-31 Subject The topic of the resource Confederate States of America. Army.; Draft.; Military deserters.; Mississippi. Governor; Pettus, John Jones, 1813-1867. Description An account of the resource From the Mississippi Department of Archives and History Governor Pettus Collection. Letter from J. D. Fairly to Mississippi Governor John J. Pettus asking for troops to be sent to southwest Mississippi to help round up deserters and conscripts. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Fairly, J. D. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Mississippi Department of Archives and History. (electronic version); Mississippi Digital Library. (electronic version) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1863-06-22 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Funding for this project provided by The Dale Center for Study of War and Society-USM, the Mississippi Department of Archives and History, the Mississippi Digital Library, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, the University of Southern Mississippi, and the Watson-Brown Foundation Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Language A language of the resource English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1863 https://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/3e278a163364facaa086f8e255290f70.png fb63f2ba4825e7821d93b31ad2059175 https://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/54a32bf959df9edfec1f19085907123e.png 5fd2caa0bf35f92ec4cd3d075053464f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Memory and Commemoration Subject The topic of the resource Most documents from the height of Civil War memory and commemoration efforts in Mississippi and the larger United States are from the early 20th century. Because of this, they won't be found in the CWRGM collection, which ends in 1882. But CWRGM documents can still help site users think about how the <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/lost_cause_the">Lost Cause</a> helped erase the memory of white Unionism in Mississippi, of Black military service in the Union armies/navy, and of tremendous socio-economic advances by African-Americans during the era of Reconstruction that were systematically attacked as that era came to a close. The documents in this section help students, educators, researchers, and the public explore the wartime experiences that the Lost Cause helped erase. Some of the earliest examples of wartime dissent that surface in these sample documents occur shortly after the Confederacy passed the Conscription Act, forcibly drafting men into Confederate military service. Instances of this appear in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/24">July 1862 in Kemper County</a> and <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/25">August 1862 in Lowndes County, MS</a>, and you'll notice that they mostly address perceived inefficiencies of the law or its unfair enforcement. A great example of this is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/23">July 1862 petition from Jasper County</a> opposing illegal implementation of the draft, but not the draft per se. In October 1862, however, the Confederate legislature enacted what became known as the 20 Slave Law to ensure that selected slave holders could remain at home to police enslaved populations and ensure that agricultural production continued. For a summary on this exemption and the frustrations it caused, including complaints that this was now a "rich man's war but a poor man's fight," see <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/twenty-slave_law">this short essay</a>. Evidence of the growing resistance to conscription in Mississippi surfaces in these sample documents as early as the spring and summer of 1863, with an account from Canton, MS, referencing the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/39">public's sympathy for deserters</a> and another from Union Church in Jefferson County referencing the public's unwillingness to assist in the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/45">arrest of deserters</a>. As late as the spring of 1865, documents can be found in the collection, like this one from <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/64">Enterprise, MS</a>, noting the need to round up deserters and locals' unwillingness to assist in the process. On the question of Unionism in Mississippi during and immediately following the war, historians estimate that approximately 500 white Mississippians serve in the <a href="http://www.mshistorynow.mdah.ms.gov/articles/175/mississippi-soldiers-in-the-civil-war">Union Army and Navy</a>, while others expressed their Union sympathies as civilians. Several examples of this exist in these sample documents, but not necessarily in this "Memory and Commemoration" theme. You can find them by doing a keyword search for "Union" at the top of any page in the exhibit. One example of wartime Unionism is found in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/73">James H. Pierce's July 1865 </a>letter to Governor Sharkey, seeking an appointment in recognition of Pierce's loyalty as a "union man" during the war. A <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/77">similar account</a> of longstanding unionism arrived in Sharkey's office that month from a Macon, MS man. Former Confederates noted Unionist support as well, as this <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/68">June 1865 letter</a> from Ripley, MS demonstrates. O. Davis was a former Confederate who accepted that defeat, noting, "the institution of slavery was staked upon the result of the war. We have played and lost and I, for one, am willing to surrender this stake." But Davis protested the idea that Mississippi men who fought for the Union might receive political appointments in the postwar period, insisting that "There is, and will be, for some time much prejudice against Those Southern men who have been in the U.S. army." One of the most powerful documents in this theme is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/66">May 1865 address</a> by Mississippi's last Confederate governor, Charles Clark. CWRGM is digitizing governors' Legislative Ledgers last, so this image is actually from digitized microfilm and doesn't reflect the quality standards of the project. It's also difficult to read, as you will notice from the incomplete transcription. But if you scroll down a bit, you'll see that this is a speech by Governor Clark to the Mississippi House of Representatives. The state had just surrendered to Union forces and all sitting office-holders, from the governor on down, were sent home, with some concerned that they might be arrested. Clark's speech reflects his determination to shape how history remembers their role in the Confederacy, despite insisting that he "shall leave the story of this contest to after times & the pen of the impartial Historian. Its History can not now be written." Instead, Clark presented one of the earliest histories of the war, listing its causes, the best approach for the future, and how the state's role in the Confederacy should be remembered. (Written by Susannah J. Ural, Ph.D.) Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Page 1: South-Western Telegraph Company. EXECUTIVE OFFICE, Jackson, Miss. THE PUBLIC are notified, that in order to guard against mistakes in the transmission of messages, every message of importance ought to be repeated by being sent back from the station at which it is to be received to the station from which it is originally sent. Half the usual price for the transmission will be charged for repeating the message, and while this Company will, as heretofore, use every precaution to insure correctness, it will not be responsible for mistakes or delays in the transmission or delivery of repeated messages, beyond an amount exceeding two hundred times the amount paid for sending the message ; nor will it be responsible for mistakes or delays in the transmission of unrepeated messages from whatever cause they may arise, nor for delays arising from interruptions in the working of its Telegraphs, nor for any mistake or omission of any other Company, over whose lines a message is to be sent to reach the place of destination. All message will hereafter be recived by this Company for transmission, subject to the above conditions. JNO. VAN HORNE, Pres't. June 21 1863. By Telegraph from Mobile 21 1863. To Gov J, J, Pettus Has Genl J. E. Johnston issued a draft on me in your favor for twenty thousand dollars payable in gold Please answer A. J. Guirot 22 pd Asst Treasr CS Page 2: A J Guirot 21 June 1863 answerd 21 June Pettus [?] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Telegram from Assistant Treasurer A. J. Guirot to Mississippi Governor John J. Pettus; June 21, 1863 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context mdah_762-948-09-10 Subject The topic of the resource Confederate States of America. Department of the Treasury; Johnston, Joseph E. (Joseph Eggleston), 1807-1891; Mississippi. Governor; Pettus, John Jones, 1813-1867. Description An account of the resource From the Mississippi Department of Archives and History Governor Pettus Collection. Telegram from A.J. Guirot, Assistant Treasurer of the Confederate States in Mobile, Alabama, to Mississippi Governor John J. Pettus asking if General Johnston has issued a draft for 20,000 dollars payable in gold. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Guirot, Anthony J. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Mississippi Department of Archives and History. (electronic version); Mississippi Digital Library. (electronic version) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1863-06-21 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Funding for this project provided by The Dale Center for Study of War and Society-USM, the Mississippi Department of Archives and History, the Mississippi Digital Library, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, the University of Southern Mississippi, and the Watson-Brown Foundation Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Language A language of the resource English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1863